20 ¤G¤ë
	Bahrain Charles Leclerc 1'31.992
	19 ¤G¤ë
	Bahrain Kimi Antonelli 1'32.803
	§ä´M

2026 Catalunya - Lando Norris

2026 Catalunya - Max Verstappen

2026 Catalunya - G.Bortoleto

2026 Catalunya - Isack Hadjar

2026 Catalunya - Pierre Gasly

2026 Catalunya - Kimi Antonelli

2026 Catalunya - Charles Leclerc

2026 Catalunya - Lance Stroll

•	Many thanks to Danny Fung for the chinese translation
•	Graphic design: David Paes

	®æÄõ©Üªv
	ÁɹD
	GP winners
	Podium analysis
	¨®¤â (All series)
	¨®¤â¤ñ¸û
	¬Û¤ù´Y: ·s¼Wºô­¶! (5 ¤»¤ë)
	°ê®a
	»s³y°Ó, ¾÷¾¹, ½ü­L

¦~¥÷: ®æÄõ©Üªv: ... Abu Dhabi Anniversary Azerbaijan Bahrain China Eifel Emilia Romagna India Korea Las Vegas Miami Pescara Qatar Russia Sakhir Saudi Arabia Singapore Styria Turkey Tuscany USA-Long Beach ¤é¥» ¤ñ§Q®É ¤Ó¥­¬v ¤Ú¦è ¥[®³¤j ¦è¯Z¤ú ¦I¤ú§Q ¦L²Ä®³ªi¨½ ¨È®Ú®x ªk°ê «n«D ¬ü°ê ¬ü°ê-©Ô´µºû¥[´µ ¬ü°ê-©³¯S«ß ¬ü°ê-¼wÂÄ´µ¦{ ­^°ê °¨¨Ó¦è¨È ²üÄõ ¶ø¦a§Q ·ç¤h ·ç¨å ·N¤j§Q ¸t°¨§Q¿Õ ¸²µå¤ú ¼Ú¬w ¼w°ê ¼¯¬¥­ô ¼¯¯Ç­ô ¾¥¦è­ô ¿c´Ë³ù ¿D¬w ÁɹD: ... A1-Ring Ain Diab Aintree Algarve Americas Anderstorp Bahrain Baku Brands Hatch Bremgarten Buddh Catalunya Clermont-Ferrand Dijon Estoril Hungaroring Imola Interlagos Istanbul Jacarepagua Jarama Jeddah Jerez Korea Kyalami Las Vegas-CP Las Vegas-SC Lusail Magny-Cours Marina Bay Mexico City Miami IA Monsanto Mont-Tremblant Montjuich Montreal Mosport Mugello Nivelles Nurburgring Osterreichring Paul Ricard Pedralbes Pescara Porto Red Bull Ring Reims Riverside Rouen Sebring Sepang Shanghai Sochi Spa-Francorchamps TI ­^¥Ð Valencia-S Watkins Glen Yas Marina Zandvoort Zeltweg Zolder ¥¬©y¿Õ´µ¦ã§Q´µ ¦L²Ä®³ªi¨½ §Q°Ò ¨È¯SÄõ¤j ©³¯S«ß ªF­Û´° ªøÅy ¬fªL ³£ÆF¹y ´I¤h¤s ¶P®Ú«w ¹a³À »È¥Û »ñ°Ä«° »X¦a¥dù »X¨F ¼wÂÄ´µ¦{ ¾¥º¸¥»

¨®¤â: »s³y°Ó: ¾÷¾¹:

°Ñ»P  Photos

¦~¥÷: ¥D­¶®æÄõ©Üªv³Ó§Q­º¦ì¥XÁɳְ̧é³t¨®¤âÀA¼ÐÁÉ»s³y°ÓÀA¼ÐÁÉ¥»¦~«×¨®¤â¬Û¤ù´Y

¦~¥÷-®æÄõ©Üªv: ... Abu Dhabi Anniversary Azerbaijan Bahrain China Eifel Emilia Romagna India Korea Las Vegas Miami Pescara Qatar Russia Sakhir Saudi Arabia Singapore Styria Turkey Tuscany USA-Long Beach ¤é¥» ¤ñ§Q®É ¤Ó¥­¬v ¤Ú¦è ¥[®³¤j ¦è¯Z¤ú ¦I¤ú§Q ¦L²Ä®³ªi¨½ ¨È®Ú®x ªk°ê «n«D ¬ü°ê ¬ü°ê-©Ô´µºû¥[´µ ¬ü°ê-©³¯S«ß ¬ü°ê-¼wÂÄ´µ¦{ ­^°ê °¨¨Ó¦è¨È ²üÄõ ¶ø¦a§Q ·ç¤h ·ç¨å ·N¤j§Q ¸t°¨§Q¿Õ ¸²µå¤ú ¼Ú¬w ¼w°ê ¼¯¬¥­ô ¼¯¯Ç­ô ¾¥¦è­ô ¿c´Ë³ù ¿D¬w ¥D­¶°Ñ¥[¦W³æ¦W¦¸¤ñÁɱƦì³Ì§Ö°é³t¬Û¤ù´Y

¨®¤â: ¥D­¶¬Û¤ù´Y

	Calendar
	Champions
	Last winners
	-- Latest photo galleries -- F1-2026-Catalunya (88) F1-2026-¼¯¬¥­ô (164) IndyCar-2026-Gateway (8) NASCAR Cup-2026-Michigan (12) MotoGP-2026-¦I¤ú§Q (12) IndyCar-2026-Detroit (12) NASCAR Cup-2026-Nashville (13) MotoGP-2026-·N¤j§Q (12) NOAPS-2026-Nashville (6) NASCAR Truck-2026-Nashville (9) F1-2026-¥[®³¤j (168) IndyCar-2026-Indianapolis 500 (18) DTM-2026-Zandvoort/2 (5) NASCAR Cup-2026-Charlotte/1 (9) NASCAR Truck-2026-Charlotte/1 (7) DTM-2026-Zandvoort/1 (6) NOAPS-2026-Charlotte/1 (5) FE-2025/26-¼¯¬¥­ô/2 (6) MotoGP-2026-Catalunya (12) FE-2025/26-¼¯¬¥­ô/1 (11) ----------------------------------------------
	Current car championships
	FIA Formula E Championship
	FIA Formula 2 Championship
	FIA Formula 3 Championship
	IndyCar Series
	INDY NXT by Firestone
	Japanese Championship Super Formula
	SUPER GT
	FIA World Endurance Championship
	24 Hours of Le Mans
	European Le Mans Series
	Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters
	NASCAR Cup Series
	NASCAR O'Reilly Auto Parts Series
	FIA World Rally Championship
	+ car series Brazilian Stock Car Championship Indianapolis 500 USF Pro 2000 Presented by Continent USF2000 Presented by Continental Ti USF Juniors Presented by Continenta FIA Formula Regional European Champ F1 Academy Euroformula Open Eurocup-3 Eurocup-3 Spanish Winter Championsh GB3 Championship Partnered by the B Super Formula Lights Formula Regional Japanese Champions Castrol Toyota Formula Regional Oce AU3 Championship Formula Regional Middle East Trophy Formula Regional Macau Formula Regional Americas Champions FIA Motorsport Games Formula 4 Cup Wera Tools F4 British Championship GB4 Championship Partnered by the B French F4 Championship Formula 4 Italian Championship Euro 4 Championship F4 Spanish Championship E4 Spanish Winter Championship Formula Winter Series Formula 4 CEZ Championship Formula 4 United States Championshi Ligier Junior Formula Championship F4 Brazilian Championship Formula 4 Macau AU4 Australian Championship UAE4 Series Formula Trophy UAE FIA GT World Cup FIA Motorsport Games GT Cup FIA Motorsport Games GT Sprint Cup GT World Challenge Europe Endurance GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cu GT World Challenge Asia FFSA Championnat de France GT - GT4 GT4 European Series International GT Open British GT Championship Campionato Italiano Gran Turismo ADAC GT Masters ADAC GT4 Germany Supercar Challenge GT World Challenge Australia Spa 24 hours ADAC 24h Rennen Nürburgring Nürburgring Langstrecken Serie 24 Hours of Daytona 12 Hours of Sebring 24 Hours of Dubai 24H Series Gulf 12 Hours Michelin Le Mans Cup Ligier European Series IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Champion Petit Le Mans Asian Le Mans Series Michelin Pilot Challenge IMSA VP Racing Sportscar Challenge GT Winter Series GT4 Winter Series Prototype Winter Series Kumho FIA TCR World Tour FIA Motorsport Games Touring Car Cu British Touring Car Championship STCC TCR Europe Series TCR Europe Cup TCR UK Touring Car Championship TCR Italy TCR Asia Series Porsche Mobil 1 Supercup Porsche Sixt Carrera Cup Deutschlan Porsche Carwow Carrera Cup Great Br Porsche Sprint Challenge Great Brit Porsche Carrera Cup France Porsche Carrera Cup Italia Porsche Carrera Cup Scandinavia Porsche Deluxe Carrera Cup North Am Porsche Carrera Cup Asia Porsche Equity-One Carrera Cup Aust Mustang Challenge North America Alpine Elf Cup Series Toyota Gazoo Racing Australia GR Cu Protyre Motorsport Ginetta GT Champ Ginetta Junior Championship ADAC Tourenwagen Junior Cup NASCAR Cup (nop) NASCAR Camping World Truck Series ARCA Menards Series East ARCA Menards Series West NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour NASCAR Canada Series NASCAR PEAK México Series ARCA Racing Series EuroNASCAR PRO Repco Supercars Championship Dunlop Super2 Series Brazil Stock Series Campeonato Argentino de Super TC200 Copa Truck FIA Motorsport Games Rally FIA European Rally Championship Dakar ----------------------------------------------
	+ car series - limited coverage Boss GP Racing Series Australian Formula Open Austria Formula Cup Formula Renault Argentina Formula Ford Australia Atlantic Championship Series F2000 Championship Series Formula 1600 Championship Series Toyo Tire F1600 Championship Series F4 Danish Championship NACAM Formula 4 Championship F4 Indian Championship F4 Japanese Championship Formula 4 Saudi Arabian Championshi Intercontinental GT Challenge Fanatec GT World Challenge America GT America powered by AWS Pirelli GT4 America Series GT2 European Series powered by Pire GT Cup Open Europe Belcar Endurance Championship Radical Cup Europe Emzone Radical Cup Canada presented Championnat de France FFSA Tourisme TC America powered by Skip Barber R TCR Denmark TCR Eastern Europe Trophy TCR South America Touring Car Champ Porsche Sprint Challenge France Porsche Sprint Challenge Central Eu Porsche Sprint Challenge Southern E Porsche Sprint Challenge Iberica Porsche Carrera Cup Benelux Porsche Carrera Cup Middle East Porsche Michelin Sprint Challenge A Ferrari Challenge Europe Ferrari Challenge UK Ferrari Challenge North America Ferrari Challenge Japan Ferrari Challenge Australasia European Lamborghini Super Trofeo North America Lamborghini Blancpain Lamborghini Super Trofeo Asia Clio Cup Europe Clio Cup France Clio Cup Italia Clio Cup Spain The Vertu Motors MINI CHALLENGE Trans Am Series presented by Pirell Campeonato Argentino de TC 2000 FIA European Truck Racing Champions FIA Asia-Pacific Rally Championship FIA Middle-East Rally Championship FIA World Rally-Raid Championship FIA European Rallycross Championshi RallyX Nordic ----------------------------------------------
	Current moto championships
	MotoGP
	Moto2
	Moto3
	Superbike World Championship
	FIM Supersport World Championship
	British Superbike Championship
	EURO MOTO Superbike
	FIM Motocross World Championship MXGP
	FIM Motocross World Championship MX2
	+ moto series Harley-Davidson Bagger World Cup Red Bull MotoGP Rookies Cup Moto4 Northern Cup FIM Sportbike World Championship FIM Women's Circuit Racing World Ch FIM Yamaha R3 bLU cRU World Cup Yamaha R7 European SuperFinale FIM Endurance World Championship Isle of Man Senior TT R&G Moto4 British Cup MotoAmerica Superbike Road Racing S Campionato Italiano Velocità Superb Campionato Italiano Velocità Supers Campionato Italiano Velocità Sport Campionato Italiano Velocità Moto3 Campionato Italiano Velocità Pre Mo RFME ESBK Supersport/Superstock 600 RFME ESBK Superbike/Superstock 1000 Moto2 European Championship FIM Moto3 Junior World Championship Moto4 European Cup EURO MOTO Supersport EURO MOTO Sportbike Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft Championnat de France Superbike Championnat de France Supersport All Japan JSB1000 All Japan ST1000 All Japan ST600 All Japan J-GP3 Asia Superbike 1000cc Asia SuperSports 600cc Asia Production 250cc Moto4 Asia Cup SuperMoto World Championship S1 ADAC SuperMoto ADAC MX Masters AMA Supercross AMA Pro Motocross 450 AMA Pro Motocross 250 AMA Supercross Lites East AMA Supercross Lites West ----------------------------------------------
	Old series
	... F1 Esports Virtual Grand Prix F1 Esports Series Pro Championship Formula 1 Non-championship South African Formula One Champions Formula E Accelerate ABB Formula E Race at Home Challeng Formula E Challenge Fake Formula E GP2 Series GP2 Asia Series GP2 Series Final GP2 Tests GP2 Asia Tests GP3 Series GP3 Tests A1GP Superleague Formula IndyCar non-championship INDYCAR iRacing Challenge IndyCar Tests Indy Lights Champ Cars USAC National Championship USAC Gold Crown Championship AAA National Championship FIA Formula Two Championship European Formula 2 Championship European Formula 5000 Championship F3000 International Championship Auto GP World Series Euroseries 3000 World Series by Nissan Nissan World Series Light World Series Formula V8 3.5 Formula Renault 3.5 Tests F3000 European Championship Trofeo Nazionale CSAI Formula 3000 3000 Pro Series F3000 International Masters S5000 Series S5000 Tasman Series W Series ERA Championship W Series Esports League Acceleration FA1 Japanese Super Formula Fuji Sprint All Japan Formula 3000 Championship F4000 powered by Holden Eurocup Formula Renault V6 Formula V6 Asia Formula Asia 2.0 International Formula Master Formula Master Italia FIA Formula 3 European Championship FIA Formula 3 European Championship Formula European Masters Formula 3 Masters Formula 3 Macau Formula 3 Monaco Grand Prix Formula 3 Euro Series FIA European Formula 3 Championship Formula 3 British Formula 3 Germany Formula 3 Italia F3 Cup Championship Formula Regional Asian Championship F3 Asian Championship Winter Series Formula 3 Australia Formula 3 Sudamericana Brazilian Formula 3 Championship Formula 3 Brazil Open Formula 3 Asia Formula 3 France MRF Challenge Formula Renault Eurocup Formula Renault Esport Series Formula Renault WEC FormulaNEC powered by Renault Formula Renault 1.6 European Series Formula Renault 2.0 France Formula Renault 2.0 UK Formula Renault BARC Championship Formula Renault 2.0 Germany Formula Renault 2.0 Italy Formula Renault 2.0 Suisse Formula Renault 2.0 ALPS Formula Renault 2.0 Brazil Asian Formula Renault Challenge Formula Renault Netherlands Formula Renault 1.6 Belgium Formule Campus Renault Elf Formula BMW Talent Cup Formula BMW World Final Formula BMW Europe Formula BMW ADAC Formula BMW UK Formula BMW Americas Formula BMW Pacific JK Racing Asia Series Formula Middle East Championship BRDC Formula 3 Autumn Trophy InterSteps Championship Junior Formula Masters Formula Ford EuroCup UK Formula Ford Championship Formula Ford Zetec Cooper Tire Cham North American Formula 1000 Champio Formula Palmer Audi Autosport Young Guns Formul' Academy Euro Series F4 Eurocup 1.6 ADAC Formula 4 SMP F4 Championship F4 Argentina Championship Fórmula Academy Sudamericana South East Asia Formula 4 Champions Formula 4 United Arab Emirates Cham Formula 4 Middle East Championship F4 UAE Trophy Race Formula Abarth European Series Campionato Italiano Formula Abarth Formula Pilota China Series Formula Masters China Series Fórmula Futuro Formula 16 ADAC Formel Masters Formula Challenge Japan International Formula Challenge Formula Gulf Academy Florida Winter Series Formula Premium Formel Koenig Formel Volkswagen Formula Alfa Boxer FIA GT Championship FIA GT1 World Championship BPR Global GT Endurance Series Pirelli GT4 America Sprint FIA GT3 European Championship GT4 Scandinavia GT4 European Series Northern Cup FIA Sportscar World Championship FIA Sportscar Championship Campeonato de España de GT GT3 France DTM Trophy Belgium Racing Cars Championship Portuguese Speed Circuit Championsh Super GT Fuji Sprint Cup SUPER GT x DTM Dream Race GT Asia Series Australian GT Trophy Series GT World Challenge Australia Endura Campeonato Brasileiro de Gran Turis Euro GT Sprint IMSA Prototype Challenge Intercontinental Le Mans Cup 24 Hours of Le Mans Virtual Sepang 12 Hours City Challenge Baku Prototype Cup Germany Henderson Insurance Brokers LMP3 Cu European Le Mans Series/1 Formula Le Mans American Le Mans Series Asian Le Mans Sprint Cup SPEED EuroSeries Radical Challenge Championship THP Spider Cup Grand American Rolex Sports Car Canadian-American Challenge Cup Pirelli World Challenge Championshi World Touring Car Championship FIA World Touring Car Cup European Touring Car Cup European Touring Car Championship DTM Tests DTC - Deutscher Tourenwagen Cup Campionato Italiano SuperTurismo Campionato Italiano Turismo Campionato Italiano Turismo TCS Swedish Touring Car Championship Danish Touringcar Championship Belgian Touring Car Series PTCC-Campeonato de Portugal de Circ Asian Touring Car Series Asian Touring Car Super 1500Max Cha EUROV8 Series TCR International Series FIA ETCR – eTouring Car World Cup TCR Europe SIM Racing ADAC TCR Germany TCR Benelux Trophy TCR Middle East Supercheap Auto TCR Australia Serie TCR Asia Pacific Cup Allied Petroleum TCR New Zealand Ch TCR Malaysia TCR Spa 500 Campionato Italiano Superstars IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge by Yokohama Ultra 94 Porsche GT3 Cup Challenge GT3 Cup Challenge Brasil Porsche Carrera Cup Asia Virtual Ed Porsche Sprint Challenge Asia Audi Sport ABT TT Cup Audi Sport Seyffarth R8 LMS Cup Audi R8 LMS Cup Ferrari Challenge Asia Pacific Ferrari Challenge Italia Lamborghini Super Trofeo Middle Eas Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy Clio Cup Series Electric Production Car Series Maserati Trofeo World Series Renault Sport Trophy Maserati Trofeo Middle East Eurocup Mégane Trophy Renault Clio Eurocup Renault UK Clio Cup Clio Cup Great Britain Clio Cup Mid Europe Clio Cup Bohemia Clio Cup Benelux Renault Sport Spider Elf Trophy Peugeot RCZ Racing Cup Peugeot RCZ Racing Cup Italy Michelin Ginetta GT4 Supercup Ginetta GT5 Challenge Ginetta GRDC+ NXT Gen Cup Euro Series by Nova Race SEAT Leon Eurocup Copa SEAT León España SEAT Cupra Championship UK SEAT Leon Supercopa Deutschland Super Copa SEAT Leon France Volkswagen Scirocco R-Cup ADAC Volkswagen Polo Cup ADAC Volkswagen Lupo Cup Volkswagen Racing Cup Camping World SRX Series Volkswagen Castrol Cup Ford Fiesta ST Cup German Supertouring Championship eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Se Whelen Southern Modified Tour NASCAR Stock V6 Series ARCA Truck Series Speedcar Series BMW M1 Procar Championship BP Supercars All Stars Eseries V8 Supercars Challenge Kumho Tyre Australian V8 Touring Ca V8SuperTourers New Zealand Australian Endurance Championship Campeonato Brasileiro de Turismo Copa Chevrolet Montana Copa Petrobras de Marcas V8 Star Fórmula Truck Brazil NHRA Full Throttle Drag Series NHRA Full Throttle Funny Car NHRA Full Throttle Pro Stock FIA Karting Endurance Championship CIK-FIA International KF Super Cup CIK-FIA World Karting Championship CIK-FIA International KF-Junior Sup CIK-FIA U18 World Karting Champions FIA Karting Academy Trophy CIK-FIA Asia-Pacific KZ CIK-FIA Viking Trophy KF2 CIK-FIA Viking Trophy KF3 CIK-FIA Viking Trophy KZ2 CIK-FIA Asia Pacific KF Championshi Intercontinental Rally Challenge Extreme E FIA World Rallycross Championship RX2e Projekt E Global Rallycross Championship Titans Rallycross ARX Americas Rallycross FIM Enel MotoE World Championship Moto 250cc Moto 125cc Red Bull AMA U.S. Rookies Cup Moto 350cc Moto 80cc Moto 50cc World Superbikes Tests Supersport World Series FIM Supersport 300 World Championsh Yamaha R3 bLU cRU European SuperFin FIM Superstock 1000 Cup Superstock Euro 600 European Junior Cup Suzuki GSX-R 750 European Cup Ulster Grand Prix North West 200 Superbike European Stocksport 1000 Cup European Supersport 600 Championshi European Stocksport 600 Championshi Thunderbike Trophy European Road Racing Championship 2 European Road Racing Championship 1 European Women's 1000 Championship European Women's 600 Championship British Supersport Championship National Superstock Championship (G National Superstock 600 (GB) British 125GP Championship British Moto3 Championship British Junior Supersport Champions KTM British Junior Cup British Junior Superstock Yamaha R6 Cup UK Triumph Triple Challenge Ducati TriOptions Cup Aprilia Superteen Aprilia RRV450 Cup Moriwaki 250 Junior Cup MotoAmerica Supersport Road Racing MotoAmerica Superstock 1000 Road Ra KTM RC 390 Cup U.S. MotoAmerica Superstock 600 Road Rac MotoAmerica Junior Cup AMA Superbike Championship AMA Supersport Championship AMA Supersport West AMA Supersport East AMA Superstock Championship AMA Formula Xtreme AMA XR 1200 Daytona Sportbike North America Talent Cup Canada Superbike Championship Canadian Supersport Championship CIV Supersport 300 Campionato Italiano Velocità Moto 2 Campionato Italiano Velocità Supers Campionato Italiano Velocità Supers Campionato Italiano Velocità Sport Coppa Italia 125 Sport Production Campionato Italiano Velocità Moto3 Honda RS125 GP Trophy Campionato Italiano Velocità 125 GP Campionato Italiano Motocicliste Su Campionato Italiano Motocicliste Su CEV Superbike Campeonato de España de Velocidad S Campeonato de España de Velocidad 1 Campeonato de España de Velocidad 2 Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft IDM Supersport 300 Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft ADAC Northern Europe Cup Moto3 Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft ADAC Junior Cup Yamaha R6 Dunlop Cup Int. Deutsche Motorradmeisterschaft Championnat de France Supersport 30 Championnat de France Moto3 Championnat de France 125 France CBR 500 Cup Dutch Superbike Championship Dutch Supersport Championship Dutch Moto3 Championship KNMV KTM RC 390 Cup BeNeCup Superbike BeNeCup Supersport Dutch Supersport 300 Yamaha R3 Cup Netherlands Dutch 125 cc. Championship Alpe Adria Superbike Championship Alpe Adria Supersport Championship Alpe Adria Superstock 1000 Champion Alpe Adria Superstock 600 Champions Alpe Adria 125 Grand Prix Champions Alpe Adria 125 Sport Production Cha Australian FX Superbike Championshi Australian FX Supersport Championsh Australasian FX Superbike Champions Australasian FX Supersport Champion All Japan J-GP2 All Japan Road Race Supersport Cham All Japan Road Race 250cc Champions All Japan Road Race 125cc Champions Australian Superbike Championship Australian Supersport Championship Australian Supersport 300 Champions Australian 125cc Championship FIM Speedway World Championship GP SuperMoto World Championship S2 Motocross of Nations FIM Motocross World Championship MX European Championship Motocross EMX FIM EMX-125 FIM World Enduro Championship E1 FIM World Enduro Championship E2 FIM World Enduro Championship E3 FIM Junior Enduro World Cup Indoor Enduro World Championship FIM Trial World Championship FIM Indoor Trial World Championship ----------------------------------------------